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The Kitáb-i-Aqdas

Bahá’u’lláh

Primary text · Reading guide

The short answer

Bahá’u’lláh’s book of laws, read within the Bahá’í Faith alongside supplementary texts, questions and answers, and explanatory notes.

Bahá’í Faith · Primary text

The reading guide

Religious prescriptions have a specific community and interpretive setting. A cross-tradition reading guide should preserve that context.

Reading lens: symbolic and religious interpretation; historical details are identified through the sources below.

What this text is doing

Bahá’u’lláh’s Kitáb-i-Aqdas is a central book of laws in the Bahá’í Faith. Its instructions are read with official explanatory notes, supplementary texts, and a living community’s interpretation. A casual list of isolated rules misses the book’s devotional and institutional setting.

Read the introduction

The authorized edition explains how the text, its notes, and later questions relate. That frame prevents a single translated sentence from carrying more than it should.

Law and spiritual purpose

Follow how obligations are situated in a religious account of worship and social life, rather than treating the work as a secular legal code.

Use the apparatus

The Questions and Answers and notes explain conditions and terminology. Keep their voices distinct from the main text when citing them.

Keep in mind: What does the authorized edition clarify about the scope of this instruction?

Choose an edition

The Bahá’í Reference Library publishes the authorized English translation. Distinguish the main text from its supplementary material and notes.

A path through the book

  1. The introduction

    Begin with the authorized edition’s account of the work.

  2. The main text

    Follow its religious and ethical address.

  3. Questions and notes

    Use the accompanying material to understand interpretation and application.

Sources & editions

An editorial reading guide with original summaries and source links. Modern translations remain the work of their named translators.

Read alongside

At a glance

Origin
Symbolic. Revealed by Bahá’u’lláh in ‘Akká (Acre), Ottoman Palestine, around 1873
Language
Established. Arabic
Form
Established. 190 paragraphs in the main text; the authorized edition adds supplementary texts, 107 Questions and Answers, a Synopsis and Codification and 194 notes
First full reading
Experiential. 1–2 hours for the main text; 5–6 hours with the notes and apparatus

Translation quoted on this page

The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: The Most Holy Book (authorized English translation) — Bahá’í World Centre (incorporating translations by Shoghi Effendi), 1992

Short attributed quotation. The authorized English translation (1992) is in copyright. The Bahá’í Reference Library legal page (bahai.org/legal, last updated 5 September 2022) states that all site content is protected by copyright; it permits use provided the content is not used in a way that misrepresents the intent of the original source and is accompanied by the notice “Copyright © Bahá’í International Community” with attribution; commercial use requires prior permission (termsofuse@bahai.org); and permission may be withdrawn at any time. Four short excerpts (each under 40 words) are quoted here with paragraph locators and attribution: © Bahá’í International Community. No public-domain English translation of the whole book exists.

Reading a law with its note

20 minutes

Read ¶ 1–5 of the main text in the authorized edition. Then choose one law from ¶ 6–20, read it, and write down in one sentence what you think it requires. Next, follow the note number attached to that paragraph and read the note and any related Question and Answer. Write a second sentence recording what the note added or corrected, and which voice (main text, question, note) each piece of information came from.

Key Insights

  1. An authorized edition makes its interpretive layers visible.
  2. Religious law should be read in the context of its faith.
  3. Supplementary writings can explain without becoming identical to the main text.

Quotes Worth Remembering

4 passages in Bahá’í World Centre (incorporating translations by Shoghi Effendi)’s 1992 translation, each linked to the page it was checked against. Other translations word these lines differently.

These twin duties are inseparable. Neither is acceptable without the other.

¶ 1

The opening paragraph ties recognition of Bahá’u’lláh to observance of His laws, and this pairing governs how the rest of the book asks to be read. © Bahá’í International Community.

Bahá’í World Centre (incorporating translations by Shoghi Effendi), 1992 · Copyright © Bahá’í International Community · check the source ↗

Think not that We have revealed unto you a mere code of laws. Nay, rather, We have unsealed the choice Wine with the fingers of might and power.

¶ 5

The book describes itself here, and the image of wine rather than statute tells the reader to take its laws as devotional as well as legal. © Bahá’í International Community.

Bahá’í World Centre (incorporating translations by Shoghi Effendi), 1992 · Copyright © Bahá’í International Community · check the source ↗

Say: O leaders of religion! Weigh not the Book of God with such standards and sciences as are current amongst you, for the Book itself is the unerring Balance established amongst men.

¶ 99

This passage addresses religious scholars and sets the text as its own measure, which is a demanding claim for any outside reader to keep in view. © Bahá’í International Community.

Bahá’í World Centre (incorporating translations by Shoghi Effendi), 1992 · Copyright © Bahá’í International Community · check the source ↗

Consort with all religions with amity and concord, that they may inhale from you the sweet fragrance of God. Beware lest amidst men the flame of foolish ignorance overpower you.

¶ 144

This command shapes Bahá’í relations with other faiths and sits alongside the book's abolition of earlier notions of ritual uncleanness (¶ 75). © Bahá’í International Community.

Bahá’í World Centre (incorporating translations by Shoghi Effendi), 1992 · Copyright © Bahá’í International Community · check the source ↗

Editorial reading map

An editorial reading map. Each row names a place to start, with the idea to carry and a short summary. Read the text itself for its own order.

01

Preface, introduction and Shoghi Effendi's description

The authorized edition first explains what the book is and how it is applied.

Open

The volume opens with a preface and an introduction by the Universal House of Justice, followed by a description of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas by Shoghi Effendi. These pages explain that Bahá’u’lláh revealed the book in Arabic around 1873 in ‘Akká, that it was withheld for a time before being sent to Iran, and that its laws are applied progressively. They also explain the translation's style, which follows the English Shoghi Effendi used for the roughly one-third of the text he had already translated.

02

The Kitáb-i-Aqdas (¶ 1–190)

The main text: 190 numbered paragraphs of law, exhortation and address.

Open

The main text has no chapters; the authorized edition numbers it in 190 paragraphs. It moves between the laws of obligatory prayer (from ¶ 6) and fasting (¶ 16–17), personal status such as marriage, divorce and inheritance, social ordinances, and addresses to kings, religious leaders and the peoples of the world. It establishes the House of Justice in every city (¶ 30) and directs believers after Bahá’u’lláh's passing to turn to “Him Whom God hath purposed” (¶ 121, ¶ 174), which Bahá’ís understand as the appointment of ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá and the basis of the Covenant.

03

Some texts supplementary to the Kitáb-i-Aqdas

Later passages by Bahá’u’lláh that add to or explain the book's provisions.

Open

This section collects passages from Tablets revealed after the Aqdas, such as the Eighth Ishráq of the Tablet of Ishráqát, which Bahá’u’lláh said was to be counted as part of the Most Holy Book. Several concern the House of Justice and its authority to legislate on matters not in the text. They are printed separately so that readers can see which words belong to the main book.

04

Questions and Answers (107 items)

Bahá’u’lláh's replies to questions about how particular laws apply.

Open

The Questions and Answers were compiled by Zaynu’l-Muqarrabín, a transcriber of Bahá’u’lláh's writings, from answers to questions put by believers. The introduction calls them an invaluable appendix to the Aqdas. They settle details such as festival dates, prayer, fasting, marriage and inheritance shares.

05

Synopsis and Codification of the Laws and Ordinances

A topical outline of the laws, first prepared under Shoghi Effendi.

Open

The Synopsis and Codification arranges the laws of the Aqdas and its supplementary texts under headings such as prayer, fasting, personal status and miscellaneous laws. It lets a reader find every ordinance on one subject without searching the whole text. It is an aid to study and does not replace the text itself.

06

Notes and key to Shoghi Effendi's translations

194 explanatory notes, keyed to paragraphs, plus a list of earlier translations.

Open

The notes explain terms, historical references and how particular laws are understood or applied, citing ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá, Shoghi Effendi and the Universal House of Justice. Each note links back to its paragraph. A final key lists the passages Shoghi Effendi had already translated and where they first appeared.

Best For

Readers exploring Bahá’í FaithReaders choosing a source or edition before a complete reading

Frequently Asked Questions

Where can I read the Kitáb-i-Aqdas in English?

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The authorized English translation, first published in 1992, is available free in the Bahá’í Reference Library at bahai.org, with PDF, DOCX and HTML downloads. That edition includes the supplementary texts, Questions and Answers, the Synopsis and Codification and the notes. Readers should use it rather than older partial or unofficial renderings, since the Bahá’í community treats it as the authoritative English text.

Are all the laws of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas in force today?

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No, not all of them. The introduction to the authorized edition explains that Bahá’u’lláh provided for the progressive application of His laws, because the society for which some were designed will come about only gradually. Some laws, such as obligatory prayer and fasting, are treated as binding now for Bahá’ís where they do not conflict with civil law; others are applied only when the Universal House of Justice decides.

What is the role of the Universal House of Justice in relation to the Aqdas?

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The Aqdas ordains Houses of Justice, and Bahá’ís understand the Universal House of Justice, first elected in 1963, as the institution it anticipates. According to the edition's introduction, it may legislate on matters not revealed in the book and may change its own legislation, but it cannot alter laws explicitly laid down in the text. Authoritative interpretation of the text itself was assigned to ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá and then to Shoghi Effendi.

How long is the Kitáb-i-Aqdas?

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The main text is 190 short paragraphs and can be read in about an hour and a half. The full authorized volume, with the supplementary texts, 107 Questions and Answers, the Synopsis and 194 notes, is several times longer. Most readers find the notes necessary for understanding specific laws.

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