I need help refactoring this code. Act as a senior software architect.

**Current Code:**
```[language]
[PASTE YOUR CODE HERE]
```

**Context:**
- What this code does: [brief description]
- Why it needs refactoring: [specific pain points]
- Constraints: [what must stay the same]

**Refactor for:**

1. **Readability**
   - Clear naming conventions
   - Logical function/method organization
   - Appropriate comments (explain WHY, not WHAT)

2. **Maintainability**
   - Single Responsibility Principle
   - DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself)
   - Clear interfaces between components

3. **Performance** (if relevant)
   - Identify inefficiencies
   - Optimize hot paths
   - Consider memory usage

4. **Testability**
   - Extract dependencies for mocking
   - Pure functions where possible
   - Clear input/output contracts

**Output:**
1. Refactored code with inline explanations
2. List of changes made and why
3. Potential future improvements
4. Any risks or breaking changes to watch for